Human Virology

This course delves into the fascinating world of viruses that specifically target humans. You will explore these invisible invaders—from their molecular structure and replication strategies to how they cause disease and outsmart our immune defenses.

Through engaging lectures, visuals, and case studies, you will build a solid foundation in virology and understand the crucial role viruses play in human health, disease, and evolution.

Learning Objectives:

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

1. Explain the defining characteristics of viruses and how they differ from other microorganisms.

2. Describe the viral replication cycle and its stages within the host cell.

3. Discuss mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and how viruses cause specific diseases.

4. Analyze the human immune response to viral infections.

5. Identify major human viral diseases, their transmission routes, and diagnostic methods.

6. Evaluate strategies for viral prevention, vaccination, and antiviral therapy.

7. Understand viral mutation, evolution, and the emergence of new infectious diseases.

Course Modules:

Module 1: Introduction to Virology

• The discovery and history of viruses

• Distinguishing viruses from bacteria and other microbes

• Viral classification systems and taxonomy

Module 2: Viral Structure and Genomes

• DNA vs. RNA viruses

• Capsids, envelopes, and viral morphology

• Principles of virus stability and transmission

Module 3: The Viral Replication Cycle

• Viral entry and uncoating

• Genome replication and protein synthesis

• Assembly and release of progeny virions

Module 4: Viral Pathogenesis

• Mechanisms of infection and tissue tropism

• Host–virus interactions

• Clinical outcomes of viral infections

Module 5: The Human Immune Response

• Innate vs. adaptive immunity

• Antigen presentation and antibody production

• Immune evasion by viruses

Module 6: Major Human Viral Diseases

• HIV and retroviruses

• Influenza viruses

• Hepatitis viruses (A–E)

• Emerging and re-emerging viruses (e.g., Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, Zika)

Module 7: Vaccines and Antiviral Therapies

• Principles of vaccine design

• Types of vaccines and their mechanisms

• Antiviral drugs and resistance

Module 8: Viral Evolution and Emerging Threats

• Mutation, recombination, and reassortment

• Zoonotic spillover and global pandemics

• Future directions in virology and viral surveillance

Teaching Methods:

• Illustrated lectures and animations

• Laboratory demonstrations (if applicable)

• Case studies and real-world outbreak analyses

• Discussion forums and reflection assignments

Assessment & Evaluation:

• Quizzes and module tests

• Short research reports or presentations

• Final written or practical exam

arget Audience:

• Undergraduate or graduate students in biology, microbiology, or health sciences

• Healthcare professionals seeking to strengthen their understanding of viral diseases

• Curious learners interested in infectious diseases, pandemics, and global health

Course Outcomes:

Upon successful completion, learners will be equipped to:

• Understand viral life cycles and disease mechanisms

• Interpret laboratory and clinical data on viral infections

• Apply virology concepts in public health, diagnostics, or research contexts